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Arconovaldo Bonaccorsi (Bologna 1898–Rome 2 July 1962), was an Italian Fascist soldier, politician and lawyer. He played (with the nickname "Conde Rossi") a prominent role in organising the Falangist conquest of the island of Majorca during the Spanish Civil War. ==Biography== Born in Bologna in 1898, Bonaccorsi was a fanatical and idealistic fascist from the first moment he met Benito Mussolini after World War I. In 1922 participated to the March on Rome as leader of the fascists from Bologna. He graduated at the prestigious Universita di Bologna as attorney in 1928, and soon started to work as a lawyer defending Italian fascists. In the early 1930s he married and had 3 children. His moment of glory came when Mussolini sent him to the Balearic Islands at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. In Majorca, having arrived in August 1936, he was known as 'Conde Rossi', a name that derived from his red beard. There, he was soon able to "galvanize" the nationalists who obtained a huge victory at Manacor against the Republicans thanks to him.〔(Bonaccorsi declaration at Manacor )〕 Gilberto Oneto, an Italian historian, wrote the following about Bonaccorsi and the Italians in Majorca: In Oneto's opinion, the Italians only supported (initially, when Bonaccorsi landed in the island) the possibility of promoting a semi-independent Majorca (under Italian influence) in case of Republican victory in the Spanish Civil War. But with Franco's victory, they understood that this project of "partial" independence was impossible.〔(Canosa Romano: Mussolini e Franco )〕 The antifascism writers made a lot of critics against Bonaccorsi. George Bernanos wrote about the ''Dragones de la muerte'' created by Bonaccorsi. It was a squadron of young majorcan fighthers fully armed who fought hard during the battle of Porto Cristo (Manacor) when the Republicans were defeated, but later were responsible of many murders of communists.〔Georges Bernanos, ''A Diary of My Times'', p. 101-106 Boriswood:London 1938〕 According to Bernanos's eye-witness report Bonaccorsi was "well to the fore in all religious manifestations" and "He was usually supported by a chaplain picked up on the spot, in army-breeches and top-boots, a white cross on his chest and pistols stuck in his belt".〔Bonaccorsi is described in Georges Bernanos's ''A Diary of My Times''. Bernanos: "Of course the new-comer was neither a general nor a count, but an Italian official belonging to the Black Shirts. One morning we saw him disembark his scarlet racing-car. First he called on the military governor appointed by General Goded. A few days later the Colonel Ramos Unamuno and his staff commissioned by General Goded, falls in some doubts and Conde Rossi was in charge of the ''Phalange''. In black robes, with a huge white cross on his chest, he tore round the villages, driving his racing-car himself; other cars, crammed with men armed to the teeth, strove to keep up with him in a cloud of dust. Accompanied by the ''alcalde'' and the ever pistol armed priest ''Julián Adrover'', in a strange mixed jargon of Spanish, Italian and Majorcan dialect, he announced the 'Cruzada'... this gigantic brute, asserted one day at the table of a distinguished lady of Palma—whilst wiping his fingers on the tablecloth—that he required at least 'one woman per day'. But the particular mission entrusted him was marvellously suited to his gifts: the organising of Terrorism. From that time, every night, gangs of his own recruiting commenced operations in the villages and in the very suburbs of Palma."〕 On the other side, the clergy of Majorca was always very grateful to him. The Baleric Islands Archbishop José Miralles y Sbert always praised Bonaccorsi, even with the same Francisco Franco (who gave him the Spanish Grand Cross of Military Merit with Red Decoration).〔( Bonaccorsi medal from Franco )〕 Even the "Correo de Majorca", the local newspaper, wrote gratefully in February 1937 as a last salute that "we will forever remember your heroism and will give to our descendants the memory of what you did for us"〔Joseph Massot. "Vida i miracles del Conde Rossi" p. 229〕 In February 1937, Bonaccorsi was promoted to "General of the Blackshirts" (Console delle Milizie fasciste) and sent to Málaga front with Italian corps (CTV). He never returned to Mallorca. Later was sent to Italian Ethiopia, where he complained to Mussolini about the dire conditions of the Italian Empire in case of war. Bonaccorsi participated in 1940 at the conquest of British Somaliland as military commander of the "Reparto Speciale Autonomo della Milizia fascista", a unit made of 300 Italian commando. Finally he was a prisoner of war from 1941–1946; after the war he resumed his legal and political activities, and defended the Nazi Otto Wagener who was sentenced to 15 years in prison for atrocities he had committed in Rodi during World War II. Bonaccorsi was a candidate for the Italian Social Movement in 1958. He died in 1962 in Rome. The Italian newspaper ''Il Secolo d'Italia'' praised him with a funeral article, which noted that he was one of the few military commanders who received medals for combat valor from three countries (Italy, Spain and Germany). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arconovaldo Bonaccorsi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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